01
Concept and architecture
Function, power budget, connectivity choice, cost target and regulatory path decided together, because each constrains the others.
02
Electronics
Schematic, layout, signal and power integrity, antenna design and placement, prototype build and bring-up.
03
Firmware
Bare metal, RTOS or embedded Linux, drivers, power management, connectivity stack and update mechanism.
04
Connectivity and cloud
Link selection, protocol design, ingest, device registry, fleet management and dashboards.
05
Certification
Radio, EMC, safety and market-specific approvals planned into the schedule rather than discovered at the end.
06
Manufacturing transition
Test fixture and coverage, factory provisioning, yield analysis and supply continuity.
07
Lifecycle
Field diagnostics, staged updates, component obsolescence management and end-of-life handling.