Supervised fault classification needs labelled failures, and a well-maintained plant does not produce many. Three bearing failures in five years is not a training set.
So the practical framing is anomaly detection against a healthy baseline, combined with physics. Bearing defect frequencies are calculable from geometry and shaft speed, so a rising component at the outer-race ball-pass frequency is interpretable without ever having seen that failure on that machine.
Physics gives interpretability; learned models give sensitivity to patterns the physics does not enumerate. Used together they produce alerts a maintenance engineer will believe — which is the binding constraint on whether the system is used at all.