The factory floor outgrew its Wi-Fi, so we gave it 5G.
A factory floor is the worst place to run Wi-Fi. Metal everywhere, dozens of AGVs and machines moving, and Wi-Fi 6 that congests and drops past thirty connections and hands off badly. A private 5G network gives the floor deterministic coverage AGVs, robots and machine vision can be driven on.
DomainWireless, private cellular network
PlatformsFaststream Radio, Connected Edge
ScopeSite survey to operating network
Binding constraintDeterministic coverage and latency for AGVs, robots and machine vision
DisclosureRepresentative programme; customer not named
CONTEXT
Where this started.
The floor ran on Wi-Fi 6 and was hitting its limits: congestion and disconnections past thirty connections, access-point handoffs that drop live links, no way to guarantee upstream bandwidth, and not enough capacity for the 4K machine vision coming next.
A private 5G network answers that with 5G small cells placed for the floor, an on-premises core and application server on-site, and managed devices on every AGV, robot and camera — deterministic where Wi-Fi is best-effort.
The programme is a coverage-and-integration problem — survey the floor through the metal, place small cells, stand up the core, and tie into the AGV fleet manager, MES and vision systems — not a product install.
CHALLENGES
4 problems, named.
Stated before any of them had an answer.
01
Wi-Fi congests and drops on the floor
Past thirty connections Wi-Fi 6 congested and disconnected, and access-point handoffs dropped live links — fatal for an AGV mid-move.
02
AGVs and robots must not lose the link
Mobile robots and AGVs roam the floor under real-time control, so handover had to be seamless and latency deterministic.
03
Upstream bandwidth had to be guaranteed
Machine vision and sensor data push upstream; the network had to guarantee that bandwidth, which Wi-Fi could not customise.
04
It has to join the floor's systems
A new network only helps if it feeds the AGV fleet manager, MES, vision and dispatch systems the floor already runs.
ARCHITECTURE
How it was built.
The coverage and the on-premises core are marked because they are why a site runs its own 5G at all: coverage it engineers, and control and data it keeps.
CONTRIBUTION
What Faststream did.
The scope of the work, rather than a capability list.
Floor RF survey — mapping coverage through the metal and the moving machinery, against the real geometry of the line.
5G small-cell placement — indoor small cells positioned for deterministic coverage across the floor, not an office-grade average.
On-premises core and app server — a compact 5G core and application server on-site so control and data stay local and survive an outside outage.
Slicing and QoS — guaranteed low-latency service for AGV and robot control and for machine vision, separated from best-effort.
Device onboarding — AGVs, robotic arms, cameras and sensors provisioned and managed on the private network.
Systems integration and operations — tie-in to the AGV fleet manager, MES, vision and dispatch systems, with monitoring and updates.
WHAT WAS HARD
The parts that consumed the schedule.
Rarely the subsystem that sounds difficult.
01
Coverage through moving metal
A factory floor is metal that moves; holding coverage as AGVs, racks and arms block and reflect is the survey work that takes the time.
02
Latency tight enough to drive an AGV
Real-time control of an AGV or a robotic arm leaves no room for jitter or a dropped link; the slice and radio design have to guarantee it.
03
Guaranteeing the upstream
Machine vision pushes bandwidth upstream, so the design has to customise and hold that upstream — exactly what Wi-Fi would not do.
04
Joining the floor's systems
The value appears when the network feeds the fleet manager, MES and vision systems the floor already runs, and those integrations take the schedule.
OUTCOME
What resulted.
Deterministic coverage across the floor
Wireless engineered to the line's geometry and metal, not an office-grade average.
AGVs and robots that stay driven
Seamless mobility and guaranteed low latency for AGV and robot control, with no mid-move drops.
Upstream for machine vision
Guaranteed, customisable upstream for 4K vision and sensor data, held ahead of best-effort.
Integrated and operable
Tied into the fleet manager, MES and vision systems, with monitoring and updates the floor can run.
Confidentiality
Customer projects are presented at property, capability, outcome and integration level. Customer names, internal architecture, confidential deliverables and commercial terms are not disclosed. Where a detail would identify a customer it is omitted rather than approximated. More is available under a non-disclosure agreement, within the limits the customer has agreed.
Wi-Fi 6 congests and disconnects past dense connection counts, hands off badly between access points, and cannot guarantee or customise upstream bandwidth — all fatal for AGVs and machine vision. Private 5G gives deterministic coverage and latency, seamless mobility, and guaranteed service for the traffic that matters.
02
Can AGVs and robots be controlled over it?
Yes — on a dedicated low-latency slice with small cells placed for the floor. Real-time AGV and robotic-arm control is one of the main reasons a factory runs its own 5G.
03
Does the data stay on the floor?
Yes, with an on-premises core and application server. Control and data stay local, which matters for latency, for continuity when the outside link fails, and for keeping production data on-site.