The macro network is built for outdoor coverage; modern building materials attenuate it heavily, so deep indoors the signal is weak or absent. An indoor small cell solves that from the inside: compact cells mounted on ceilings or walls, each covering a floor or zone, delivering full-rate 5G NR and often Wi-Fi where the users actually are.
They install like network access points — powered over Ethernet, cabled back to a switch, and managed centrally — which makes them far cheaper to deploy and expand than a traditional distributed antenna system. Capacity scales by adding cells, not by re-engineering a shared feeder.
The core can sit on-premises for local breakout and data residency, or belong to the operator for a neutral-host deployment. Either way the building gets dedicated coverage and capacity it controls.